The IdP configuration provides many "named beans" to simplify configuration and to reduce the burden of knowing specific class names, particularly in cases where the class names may be subject to change in future major versions. Other classes may not have supporting beans but are part of the API and provide useful pre-built logic to use in configuring the system.
Most of these beans, and probably some that are not mentioned, are defined in system/conf/utilities.xml
For ease of navigation, this topic divides them into three groups, Predicates (which can also generally be used in ActivationConditions), Functions, and other beans. These categories also include BiPredicates and BiFunctions, which are binary input variants of traditional unary interfaces that are occasionally needed.
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